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Hydrophobic polyethersulfone porous membranes for membrane distillation

Heba ABDALLAH, Ayman EL-GENDI, Maaly KHEDR, Elham EL-ZANATI

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第1期页码 84-93 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1508-4

摘要： Membrane distillation (MD) is a thermal, vapor-driven transportation process through micro porous hydrophobic membranes that is increasingly being applied to seawater and brine desalination processes. Two types of hydrophobic microporous polyethersulfone flat sheet membranes, namely, annealed polyethersulfone and a polyethersulfone/tetraethoxysilane (PES/TEOS) blend were prepared by a phase inversion process. The membranes were characterized and their performances were investigated using the vacuum membrane distillation of an aqueous NaCl solution. The performances of the prepared membranes were also compared with two commercially available hydrophobic membranes, polytetrafluorethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride. The influence of operational parameters such as feed temperature (25–65 °C), permeate vacuum pressure (200–800 mbar), feed flow rate (8–22 mL/s) and feed salt concentration (3000 to 35000 mg/L) on the MD permeation flux were investigated for the four membranes. The hydrophobic PES/TEOS membrane had the highest salt rejection (99.7%) and permeate flux (86 kg/m ·h) at 65 °C, with a feed of 7000 ppm and a pressure of 200 mbar.

关键词： membrane distillation hydrophobic membrane salt rejection permeate flux

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RGO-MXene membranes with wettability-regulated channels: improved water permeability and electro-enhanced rejection

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1601-8

摘要：

● Electroconductive RGO-MXene membranes were fabricated.

关键词： Reduced graphene oxide MXene Membrane Water permeance Dye rejection Electro-assistance

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盐湖农业及其发展战略研究

孔凡晶,郑绵平,张洪霞,李真,王利伟

《中国工程科学》 2019年第21卷第1期页码 148-152 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.01.021

摘要：

我国是多盐湖国家，拥有丰富的盐沼带及咸水资源，发展盐湖农业对于荒漠化治理、生态环境保护，对发展西部落后地区经济，开拓具有干旱、半干旱地区特色农业，具有现实和长远战略意义。随着全球人口增长，粮食短缺，淡水资源缺乏，充分利用咸水资源及盐碱地资源发展盐湖农业对保障人类食品安全十分必要。本文梳理了近年来在盐湖农业方面的认识及发展成果，指出发展盐湖农业存在的问题，并提出把盐湖农业列入国家科技规划、对盐湖流域盐碱地进行功能区划等创新驱动盐湖农业发展建议。

关键词：盐湖农业盐湖生态系统盐湖生物

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Simulation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO

Junlan YANG, Yitai MA, Minxia LI, Hua TIAN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 522-526 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0027-8

摘要： In order to optimize and control transcritical CO refrigeration cycle, a mathematical model was developed to simulate the system performance. The simulation results show that a maximum COP exists at the optimal heat rejection pressure not only for throttle valve cycle but also for expander cycle. Also, the optimal heat rejection pressures of the throttle valve cycle are greater than those of the expander cycle under the same condition. In order to further obtain correlation of the optimal heat rejection pressure for transcritical CO expander cycle, it is necessary to analyze the impact degree of compressor efficiency, expander efficiency, gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature. Based on the simulation results, the values of the optimal heat rejection pressure for the expander cycle were regressed in terms of gas cooler outlet temperature and evaporation temperature at given compressor efficiency and expander efficiency. Finally, two types of polynomial correlations were obtained. One is cubic form, with an average deviation of less than 0.5% and the other is simplified form, with an average deviation of less than 1%. It is, therefore, convenient to use either correlation to simulate the performance of transcritical CO expander cycle.

关键词： transcritical CO₂ cycle optimal heat rejection pressure simulation expander

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Caloric evaporation of the brine in Zangnan Salt Lake

Shiqiang WANG, Yafei GUO, Nan ZHANG, Lingzhong BU, Tianlong DENG, Mianping ZHENG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 343-348 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-1029-0

摘要： Zangnan Salt Lake on the south of the Tibet is a type of carbonate lake with high concentrations of lithium, boron, and potassium and obviously it differs from seawater in its chemical composition. An experimental simulation of the caloric evaporation of the lake’s brine was conducted by first freezing the brine and then performing isothermal evaporation at 288.15 K. The freezing path and the physicochemical properties of the brine were determined. The crystallization sequence was natron, hydrohalite, halite, sylvite, zabuyelite, trona, aphthitalite, thermonatrite, and borax. Rubidium and cesium salts did not crystallized out but concentrated in the mother solution. The physicochemical properties (density, refractive index, conductivity, and pH) of the liquid phase changed as the evaporation progressed. In the beginning of the evaporation processes, the concentration of potassium ions in the liquid phase gradually increased but later it decreased. A peak value of 55.21 g/L was obtained when the evaporation was 88% complete. When the mineral aphthitalite began to crystallize; the concentrations of B O , Li , Rb , and Cs gradually increased as the evaporation progressed. When the evaporation was 98% complete, their concentrations in the mother liquor were 40.77 g/L, 4.838 g/L, 400.17 mg/L and 31.95 mg/L, respectively. This essential fundamental study can provide an important reference for the comprehensive utilization of brines in Zangnan Salt Lake.

关键词： Zangnan Salt Lake evaporation crystallization path freezing

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Decolorization of azo dyes by a salt-tolerant

Bin YAN, Cuihong DU, Meilan XU, Wenchao LIAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 806-814 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0453-4

摘要： The salt-tolerant strain, isolated from textile wastewater, has been found effective on decolorizing several kinds of azo dyes with different structures. The optimal conditions for azo dye acid red B (ARB) decolorization by were determined to be pH= 7.0 and 30°C. The decolorization efficiency increased with the increase of the salinity concentration, and around 90% of ARB (100 mg·L ) could be decolorized in 24 h when the salinity concentration was up to 50 g·L . Moreover, the strain could still decolorize 19% of ARB in 24 h even when the NaCl concentration was increased to 150 g·L . Meanwhile, the dependence of the specific decolorization rate by on the ARB concentration could be described with Michaelis-Menten kinetics ( = 585.7 mg·L , = 109.8 mg·g cell ·h ). The addition of quinone redox mediator, named 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate, significantly accelerated the decolorization performance of . Furtherly, the activities of azoreductase (0.55 μmol·mg protein ·min ) and Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase (8.9 μmol·mg protein ·min ) have been observed in the crude cell extracts of . The decolorization products of ARB were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and the results indicated the reductive pathway was responsible for azo dye decolorization by .

关键词： Staphylococcus cohnii decolorization salt azoreductase Nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide-dichlorophenol indophenol (NADH-DCIP) reductase

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Assessment of future climate change impacts on water-heat-salt migration in unsaturated frozen soil using

Hanli Wan, Jianmin Bian, Han Zhang, Yihan Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第1期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1302-5

摘要： Abstract • A model coupling water-heat-salt of unsaturated frozen soil was established. • Future temperature, precipitation, and evaporation increase in freeze–thaw period. • Soil water, heat, and salt transport are closely coupled during freeze–thaw period. • Freeze–thaw cycles and future climate change can exacerbate salinization. The transport mechanisms of water, heat, and salt in unsaturated frozen soil, as well as its response to future climate change are in urgent need of study. In this study, western Jilin Province in north-eastern China was studied to produce a model of coupled water-heat-salt in unsaturated frozen soil using CoupModel. The water, heat, and salt dynamics of unsaturated frozen soil under three representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios were simulated to analyze the effects of future climate change on unsaturated frozen soil. The results show that water, heat, and salt migration are tightly coupled, and the soil salt concentration in the surface layer (10 cm) exhibits explosive growth after freezing and thawing. The future (2020–2099) meteorological factors in the study area were predicted using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). For RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios, future temperatures during the freeze–thaw period increased by 2.68°C, 3.18°C, and 4.28°C, respectively; precipitation increased by 30.28 mm, 28.41 mm, and 32.17 mm, respectively; and evaporation increased by 93.57 mm, 106.95 mm, and 130.57 mm, respectively. Climate change will shorten the freeze–thaw period, advance the soil melting time from April to March, and enhance water and salt transport. Compared to the baseline period (1961–2005), future soil salt concentrations at 10 cm increased by 1547.54 mg/L, 1762.86 mg/L, and 1713.66 mg/L under RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, respectively. The explosive salt accumulation is more obvious. Effective measures should be taken to prevent the salinization of unsaturated frozen soils and address climate change.

关键词： Soil salinization Climate change Unsaturated frozen soil Water-heat-salt balance Soil environment change

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Novel Ag-AgBr decorated composite membrane for dye rejection and photodegradation under visible light

Yixing Wang, Liheng Dai, Kai Qu, Lu Qin, Linzhou Zhuang, Hu Yang, Zhi Xu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 892-901 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2011-0

摘要： Photocatalytic membranes have received increasing attention due to their excellent separation and photodegradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. Herein, we bound Ag-AgBr nanoparticles onto a synthesized polyacrylonitrile-ethanolamine (PAN-ETA) membrane with the aid of a chitosan (CS)-TiO layer via vacuum filtration and partial reduction. The introduction of the CS-TiO layer improved surface hydrophilicity and provided attachment sites for the Ag-AgBr nanoparticles. The PAN-ETA/CS-TiO /Ag-AgBr photocatalytic membranes showed a relatively high water permeation flux (~ 47 L·m ·h ·bar ) and dyes rejection (methyl orange: 88.22%; congo red: 95%; methyl blue: 97.41%; rose bengal: 99.98%). Additionally, the composite membranes exhibited potential long-term stability for dye/salt separation (dye rejection: ~97%; salt rejection: ~6.5%). Moreover, the methylene blue and rhodamine B solutions (20 mL, 10 mg·L ) were degraded approximately 90.75% and 96.81% in batch mode via the synthesized photocatalytic membranes under visible light irradiation for 30 min. This study provides a feasible method for the combination of polymeric membranes and inorganic catalytic materials.

关键词： Ag-AgBr dye rejection photodegradation visible light

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Hydraulic properties of typical salt-affected soils in Jiangsu Province, China

CHEN Xiaomin, SHEN Qirong, XU Yangchun

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 443-447 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0070-9

摘要： Every year about 1,500 ha of land is reclaimed from the sea along the coastline of Jiangsu Province, China. It is important to characterize the hydraulic properties of this reclaimed land to be able to predict and manage salt and wa

关键词： hydraulic Jiangsu Province coastline important reclaimed

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Impacts of de-icing salt pollution on urban road greenspace: a case study of Beijing

Zhouyuan LI,Yingmei LIANG,Junhui ZHOU,Xiao SUN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第5期页码 747-756 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0644-2

摘要： De-icing salt contamination of urban soil and greenspace has been a common issue of concern in many countries for years. In the 2009/2010 winter, Beijing experienced a contamination accident resulting from the overuse of de-icing salt, reported as almost 30000 tons, which severely damaged urban vegetation alongside roadways. The methods of sampling and rating for both soil contamination and response of the plant populations were developed to rapidly assess this emergency environmental event. Results showed that the shrubs were more severely damaged than the arbors in terms of both degree and extent, as almost all of the surveyed shrubs were severely damaged from the salt contamination, while only about 1/4 of the recorded arbors were rated as “severely injured” according to the integral plant injury index. The rating of the injury level showed that the trees like a, , and the shrubs like , showed less tolerance to de-icing salt pollution. The patterns of vegetation damage demonstrated that the ever-green shrubs alongside roads and the deciduous arbors in the center of roads were most vulnerable to the salt damage.

关键词： de-icing salt environmental impact assessment urban ecology greenspace

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土壤水盐定向迁移及排盐新模式研究

周和平,彭立新,徐小波

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第11期页码 120-126

摘要：

综述了我国盐碱地改良技术现状；研究了干旱地区节水灌溉条件下农田不同地面条件土壤水盐定向迁移特征，提出了“盐分上移地表排”的排盐模式，对我国干旱农业灌区盐碱地改良治理新方法的研究探索具有现实意义。

关键词：土壤水盐定向迁移排盐新模式旱区

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Gut microbiota and its implications in small bowel transplantation

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 239-248 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0617-0

摘要：

The gut microbiota is mainly composed of a diverse population of commensal bacterial species and plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, immune modulation and metabolism. The influence of the gut microbiota on solid organ transplantation has recently been recognized. In fact, several studies indicated that acute and chronic allograft rejection in small bowel transplantation (SBT) is closely associated with the alterations in microbial patterns in the gut. In this review, we focused on the recent findings regarding alterations in the microbiota following SBT and the potential roles of these alterations in the development of acute and chronic allograft rejection. We also reviewed important advances with respect to the interplays between the microbiota and host immune systems in SBT. Furthermore, we explored the potential of the gut microbiota as a microbial marker and/or therapeutic target for the predication and intervention of allograft rejection and chronic dysfunction. Given that current research on the gut microbiota has become increasingly sophisticated and comprehensive, large cohort studies employing metagenomic analysis and multivariate linkage should be designed for the characterization of host–microbe interaction and causality between microbiota alterations and clinical outcomes in SBT. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the role of gut microbiota in the development of allograft rejection and other transplant-related complications and introduce novel therapeutic targets and treatment approaches in clinical practice.

关键词： gut microbiota small bowel transplantation acute rejection chronic rejection mucosal immunity biomarker microbiota-targeted therapy

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Analyzing and quantitatively evaluating the organic matter source at different ecologic zones of tidal salt

GAO Jianhua, YANG Guishan, OU Weixin

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第1期页码 81-88 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0016-x

摘要： In order to explore the effect of different ecological zones and their above plants in the organic matter cycling of the whole tidal salt marsh, indicators such as total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, ?C and ?N of surface, core sediments, and plants of tidal salt marshes in North Jiangsu Province are analyzed. Subsequently, distribution regularities of these measurement indicators are discussed, and the biogeochemistry processes between sediments and plants are also analyzed. Lastly, the organic matter sources of different ecologic zones in tidal salt marsh are evaluated, and the organic matter accumulations in different ecologic zones induced by their plants are also compared. These results indicate that TOC, TN, C/N ratio and C showed obvious zonal distribution. The organic matter sources are dominated by marine input in the silt flat, flat, and the transition zone between silt and flat, and are controlled by terrigenous input in s flat. plays an important role in the accumulation of organic matter in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem. In the study area, the annually increased TOC, organic matter and TN in the , and reed flats reach 6,451, 12,043 and 536 t, respectively. The amount of TOC, organic matter and TN accumulated in the flat is more than that in other ecological zones, which shows that the flat exert a non-replaceable effect on the material cycle and exchange in the whole tidal salt marshes ecosystem.

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循环热载体无烟燃烧技术的试验研究

何方,王华,戴永年

《中国工程科学》 2004年第6卷第7期页码 65-69

摘要：

提出了一个基于熔融盐循环热载体的无烟燃烧技术，即把一个燃烧过程分为氧化剂生成和燃料燃烧两个步骤进行，燃烧过程能使助燃空气中的N2和燃烧产生的CO2在一套反应装置中进行分离，得到较高纯度的N2和CO2，N2可回收利用，CO2则可捕集起来安全封存。整个燃烧过程避免了向大气排放有害气体；以CuO为催化剂，对CH4在Li2CO3-K2CO3-Na2SO4熔盐体系中的熔融燃烧过程进行的试验研究结果表明，CH4能在该熔融盐体系中能完成无烟燃烧过程并放出热，失去晶格氧的CuO能与空气反应重新恢复其晶格氧，气相色谱分析结果显示，理想的反应条件下, 得到的N2的纯度为99.3%以上，CO2的纯度为95.1%以上。

关键词：无烟燃烧技术熔融盐温室气体

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Role of membrane and compound properties in affecting the rejection of pharmaceuticals by different RO

Yang-ying Zhao, Fan-xin Kong, Zhi Wang, Hong-wei Yang, Xiao-mao Wang, Yuefeng F. Xie, T. David Waite

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0975-x

摘要： This study was conducted to assess the merits and limitations of various high-pressure membranes, tight nanofiltration (NF) membranes in particular, for the removal of trace organic compounds (TrOCs). The performance of a low-pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane (ESPA1), a tight NF membrane (NF90) and two loose NF membranes (HL and NF270) was compared for the rejection of 23 different pharmaceuticals (PhACs). Efforts were also devoted to understand the effect of adsorption on the rejection performance of each membrane. Difference in hydrogen bond formation potential (HFP) was taken into consideration. Results showed that NF90 performed similarly to ESPA1 with mean rejection higher than 95%. NF270 outperformed HL in terms of both water permeability and PhAC rejection higher than 90%. Electrostatic effects were more significant in PhAC rejection by loose NF membranes than tight NF and LPRO membranes. The adverse effect of adsorption on rejection by HL and ESPA1 was more substantial than NF270 and NF90, which could not be simply explained by the difference in membrane surface hydrophobicity, selective layer thickness or pore size. The HL membrane had a lower rejection of PhACs of higher hydrophobicity (log D>0) and higher HFP (>0.02). Nevertheless, the effects of PhAC hydrophobicity and HFP on rejection by ESPA1 could not be discerned. Poor rejection of certain PhACs could generally be explained by aspects of steric hindrance, electrostatic interactions and adsorption. High-pressure membranes like NF90 and NF270 have a high promise in TrOC removal from contaminated water.

关键词： Trace organic compounds (TrOCs) Nanofiltration (NF) Adsorption Membrane properties Water treatment